🚨. 4th cranial nerve palsy
Causes: commonest cause is trauma; vascular (DM, HTN, and arteriosclerosis).
Clinical Manifestations:
1- Hypertropia of the affected Eye in primary position.
2- Diplopia on looking down and in (down stairs, reading).
3- Limitation of movement (Depression of adducted eye).
4- Abnormal head position to avoid Diplopia head tilt to opposite side.
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Flash cards 4th year 47
5 mag 2026, 21:37
🎥 Video
Convex vs Concave lens 🔎
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Flash cards 4th year 47
5 mag 2026, 21:37
🎥 Video
Fully accommodative esotropia 🤓👓
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Flash cards 4th year 47
5 mag 2026, 21:37
📷 Photo
🔥🔥🔥🔥
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Flash cards 4th year 47
5 mag 2026, 21:37
📷 Photo
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Flash cards 4th year 47
5 mag 2026, 21:37
📷 Photo
🚨 6th cranial nerve pulsy
Causes: vascular diseases (DM, HTN, or arteriosclerosis) and intra cranial tumors.
🔹Clinical Manifestations:
1- Esotropia (Convergent) of the affected Eye in primary position.
2- Diplopia is maximum in the direction of action of the paralyzed muscle .
3- Limitation of movement to normal direction of muscle (Abduction).
4- Compensatory head turn to same side to avoid Diplopia.
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Flash cards 4th year 47
5 mag 2026, 21:37
EOM
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Flash cards 4th year 47
5 mag 2026, 21:37
🎥 Video
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Flash cards 4th year 47
5 mag 2026, 21:37
🎥 Video
Trabeculectomy ✨
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Flash cards 4th year 47
5 mag 2026, 21:37
🔥Horner's syndrome (Oculo sympathetic palsy) :
unilateral condition due to damage of sympathetic supply .
caused by :
(1) Pancoast's tumour of the lung.
(2) carotid and aortic aneurysms.
(3) lesions in the neck.
(4) central brainstem and spinal cord lesions.
(5) cavernous sinus mass.
Partial ptosis.
Miosis.
Anhydrosis.
Enophthalmos.
Heterochromia.
(Anisocoria) : clear in dark place
Light reflex: normal
Near reflex: normal
Gender: equals.
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