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AMALINA NOTES

013-946 3540 - Buku dan Homestay

@dramalinanudin is a growing community focused on buku and 3540 and related topics

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AMALINA NOTES

22 Mei 2026, 18.41

📌
Senarai Anxiety Disorders (ikut DSM-5)
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Panic Disorder
Agoraphobia
Specific Phobia
Social Anxiety Disorder (Social Phobia)
Separation Anxiety Disorder
Selective Mutism

⸻

🧠
Cara Diagnos (Step by step klinikal)
1. 🪪
Confirm symptom utama: ANXIETY
Tanya:
Rasa risau berlebihan?
Susah kawal worry?
Ada simptom fizikal:
berdebar
sesak nafas
tremor
sweating
sakit dada
rasa nak pengsan
👉 Kalau tiada anxiety → bukan anxiety disorder

⸻

2. ⏳
Tempoh simptom
GAD → ≥ 6 bulan
Panic disorder → recurrent panic attack + worry ≥ 1 bulan
Phobia/social anxiety → ≥ 6 bulan
Separation anxiety → ≥ 4 minggu (kanak-kanak), ≥ 6 bulan (dewasa)

⸻

3. 🎯
Trigger / situasi spesifik
Ini paling penting untuk differentiate:
Diagnosis
Clue utama
GAD
Worry banyak benda (general)
Panic disorder
Panic attack tiba-tiba, unexpected
Agoraphobia
Takut tempat susah lari (mall, bas, crowd)
Specific phobia
Takut objek spesifik (ular, flight, darah)
Social anxiety
Takut dinilai orang
Separation anxiety
Takut berpisah dgn attachment figure
Selective mutism
Tak bercakap dalam situasi sosial tertentu

⸻

4. ⚠️
Assess impairment
Ganggu kerja?
Ganggu hubungan?
Elak situasi?
👉 Wajib ada functional impairment

⸻

5. 🚫
Rule out differential
Jangan terus label:
Medical:
hyperthyroidism
arrhythmia
Substance:
caffeine
stimulant
Psychiatric:
Major Depressive Disorder
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

⸻

6. 🧪
Guna screening tool (optional tapi membantu)
GAD-7
HADS-A
DASS

⸻

🧩
Contoh cara fikir (exam / klinik)
👉 Patient:
Risau pasal kerja, kesihatan, keluarga
Dah >6 bulan
Ada insomnia + muscle tension
➡️ Diagnosis: GAD

⸻

👉 Patient:
Tiba-tiba berdebar, rasa nak mati
Episode berulang + takut jadi lagi
➡️ Diagnosis: Panic Disorder

⸻

👉 Patient:
Takut present depan orang, elak meeting
➡️ Diagnosis: Social Anxiety Disorder

⸻

🧠 Cara mudah ingat (pattern recognition)
General → GAD
Attack → Panic
Place → Agoraphobia
Object → Specific phobia
People → Social anxiety
Attachment → Separation anxiety
Speech → Selective mutism

1,110

AMALINA NOTES

22 Mei 2026, 18.41

📷 Photo

Common mental health remaja

No 1 : Anxiety Disorder
✅GAD
✅Panic Attack
✅Others

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AMALINA NOTES

22 Mei 2026, 18.41

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Common symptoms remaja

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AMALINA NOTES

22 Mei 2026, 18.41

🎤 Voice

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AMALINA NOTES

22 Mei 2026, 18.41

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AMALINA NOTES

22 Mei 2026, 18.41

🎤 Voice

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AMALINA NOTES

22 Mei 2026, 18.41

🎥 Video

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AMALINA NOTES

22 Mei 2026, 18.41

🎤 Voice

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AMALINA NOTES

22 Mei 2026, 18.41

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AMALINA NOTES

22 Mei 2026, 18.41

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AMALINA NOTES

8 Mei 2026, 07.33

🎥 Video

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AMALINA NOTES

21 Apr 2026, 17.45

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🧠 Abnormal Behaviour

📌 Definisi

👉 Tingkah laku yang:
• Ganggu hidup
• Menyebabkan distress
• Bahaya pada diri/orang lain

⸻

🚩 Red flag
• Psychosis
• Suicidal / agresif
👉 → Refer hospital segera

⸻

❓ Screen cepat (psychosis)
• Dengar suara?
• Nampak benda?
• Rasa orang perhatikan / nak cederakan?

👉 1 pun + = consider psychosis

⸻

🔍 Check ringkas (MSE)
• Behaviour pelik
• Speech tak normal
• Mood flat
• Halusinasi / delusi
• Suicidal idea

⸻

🧩 Dx common
• Schizophrenia
• Brief Psychotic Disorder
• Substance-Induced Psychotic Disorder
• Major Depressive Disorder (psychotic)

⸻

⚠️ Rule out
• Dadah
• Brain issue
• Thyroid
• Bipolar Disorder

⸻

🛠️ Management

👉 Assess risk
👉 Bahaya → refer segera

⸻

🌱 1 line ingat:

“Abnormal = pelik + ganggu hidup + mungkin bahaya”

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AMALINA NOTES

21 Apr 2026, 17.45

📷 Photo

Minta cikgu satu lagi call 999 untuk hantar bantuan (polis dan bomba)

Pihak klinik tak perlu ke tempat kejadian

Ini ibarat disaster, red zone bawah kawasan polis -

Healthcare just di green zone.

Kaunselor cuba communicate, jauhkan dari kawasan terjun…

Ajak pelajar berbual..

345

AMALINA NOTES

21 Apr 2026, 17.45

🎥 Video

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AMALINA NOTES

21 Apr 2026, 17.45

Perbezaan antara ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder) dan Conduct Disorder (CD) sebenarnya pada tahap keseriusan dan jenis tingkah laku.

⸻

🌱 ODD (Oppositional Defiant Disorder)

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Ciri utama:
• Suka melawan, degil, enggan ikut arahan
• Cepat marah / mudah terasa
• Sering bertekak dengan ibu bapa / guru
• Sengaja buat orang lain marah (annoying behavior)
• Menyalahkan orang lain atas kesilapan sendiri

Point penting:
👉 Tingkah laku masih tidak melanggar hak orang lain secara serius
👉 Lebih kepada masalah emosi & sikap (attitude)

⸻

🔥 Conduct Disorder (CD)

Conduct Disorder

Ciri utama:
• Agresif (bergaduh, pukul orang / haiwan)
• Menipu, mencuri
• Rosakkan harta benda (vandalism)
• Langgar peraturan serius (ponteng kronik, lari rumah)

Point penting:
👉 Tingkah laku melanggar hak orang lain / norma sosial
👉 Lebih kepada tingkah laku antisocial yang serius

⸻

🧠 Cara mudah faham:
• ODD → “melawan & degil”
• CD → “melawan + menyakiti orang / langgar undang-undang”

⸻

⚖️ Hubungan antara ODD & CD
• ODD boleh jadi peringkat awal
• Sebahagian kes boleh berkembang jadi CD jika tak ditangani

⸻

📌 Contoh situasi:
• ODD: Anak tak nak ikut arahan, jawab kasar, sengaja buat adik menangis
• CD: Anak pukul orang, curi duit, pecahkan barang jiran

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AMALINA NOTES

21 Apr 2026, 17.45

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AMALINA NOTES

21 Apr 2026, 17.45

🎤 Voice

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AMALINA NOTES

21 Apr 2026, 17.45

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A : GAD
B : Specific
C : Panic Attack
D : OCD
E : Medical Causes

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AMALINA NOTES

21 Apr 2026, 17.45

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AMALINA NOTES

6 Apr 2026, 07.57

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AMALINA NOTES

6 Apr 2026, 07.57

Assalamualaikum and a very good day.

Dear Prof./Assoc. Prof./Dr./Mr./Mrs./Ms.,

*MERIU RESEARCH AND INNOVATION SPOTLIGHT SERIES 3/2025*

Medical Education Research and Innovation Unit (MERIU) would like to invite all to join our quarterly Research and Innovation Spotlight Series 3/2025.

The details of Series 3/2025 are as follows:

*Date : 22 December 2025 (Monday)*
*Time : 11.00 am - 12.00 pm*
*Platform : Zoom ( https://tinyurl.com/mris2025)*

*Presenters:*
*1. Prof. Dr. Chew Boon How (Department of Family Medicine)*
*Title: _Artificial Intelligence: A Blessing or A Threat to Medical Training?_*

*2. Dr. Rozaini Abdullah (Department of Environmental and Occupational Health)*
*Title: _Breaking the Walls of the Classroom by Bringing One Health Toxicology to the Next Generation_*

*Moderated by: Dr. Nur Syazana Mohamad Kasim (MERIU)*

If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact us at [email protected].

Thank you.

3,560

AMALINA NOTES

6 Apr 2026, 07.57

Tolong share untuk kawan

3,390

AMALINA NOTES

6 Apr 2026, 07.57

Salam & Good Afternoon

Announcement!

Noticed that the draft for the 5 th edition of paediatric protocol book has been circulating virally!

It is NOT validated and NOT the final version!

Please wait for the final paediatric protocol e-book that will shared by BPP KKM officially at end of October 2025.

Thank you

3,640

AMALINA NOTES

6 Apr 2026, 07.57

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AMALINA NOTES

6 Apr 2026, 07.57

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https://www.youtube.com/live/Ys4kP9na69A?si=3WzI-w9mwFXp_2Kx

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AMALINA NOTES

6 Apr 2026, 07.57

https://www.facebook.com/share/v/1GNPJppZn8/?mibextid=wwXIfr

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AMALINA NOTES

6 Apr 2026, 07.57

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AMALINA NOTES

6 Apr 2026, 07.57

https://www.facebook.com/share/p/1FVPodt1pa/?mibextid=wwXIfr

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AMALINA NOTES

6 Apr 2026, 07.57

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