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Updated: May 12, 2026 at 11:32 PM

internal medicine

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internal medicine

May 11, 2026, 08:01 AM

👨‍⚕Q. What are the presentations of carcinoma of the pancreas?

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internal medicine

May 11, 2026, 08:01 AM

🧑🏼‍⚕ A. As follows:
✓ Painless obstructive jaundice, with palpable gallbladder—in case of carcinoma of head of pancreas.
✓ Carcinoma involving the body and tail – usually presents with pain in the epigastrium, deep seated,
dull aching, radiates to the back, more on lying flat, feels better with bending forward (pain is due
to involvement of celiac plexus)
✓ Loss of weight, anorexia, nausea
✓ Mass in upper abdomen (in 20% cases)
✓ Others—diabetes mellitus, acute pancreatitis
✓ Rare features are—thrombophlebitis migrans (arm vein is more involved than leg vein), venous thrombosis, portal hypertension and marantic endocarditis.

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internal medicine

May 11, 2026, 08:01 AM

Courvoisier’s law: In a jaundiced patient with palpable gallbladder, the cause is unlikely to be gallstones, rather it is due to carcinoma head of pancreas and extrinsic pressure in bile duct. (Reverse of the law—Obstructive jaundice without palpable gallbladder is unlikely to be due to carcinoma head of
pancreas and extrinsic pressure in common bile duct.)

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internal medicine

May 11, 2026, 08:01 AM

👨‍⚕Q. What are the causes of carcinoma head of pancreas?

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internal medicine

May 11, 2026, 08:01 AM

Q. What are the types of carcinoma of pancreas and what are the sites?

1,140

internal medicine

May 11, 2026, 08:01 AM

Q. What are the types of carcinoma of pancreas and what are the sites?

725

internal medicine

May 11, 2026, 08:01 AM

👨‍⚕Q. What are the causes of epigastric mass?

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internal medicine

May 11, 2026, 08:01 AM

👨‍⚕Q. What are the causes of carcinoma head of pancreas?

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internal medicine

May 11, 2026, 08:01 AM

👨‍⚕Q. What are the causes of carcinoma head of pancreas?

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internal medicine

May 11, 2026, 08:01 AM

📷 Photo

Causes of epigastric mass

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internal medicine

Apr 24, 2026, 01:56 PM

👨🏻‍⚕Q. What is the benign tumor of stomach?

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internal medicine

Apr 24, 2026, 01:56 PM

👨🏻‍⚕Q. What is the benign tumor of stomach?

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internal medicine

Apr 24, 2026, 01:56 PM

👨🏻‍⚕Q. How to treat a case of carcinoma stomach?

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internal medicine

Apr 24, 2026, 01:56 PM

👨🏻‍⚕Q. What are the causes or predisposing factors for carcinoma of stomach?

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internal medicine

Apr 24, 2026, 01:56 PM

👨🏻‍⚕Q. What are the causes or predisposing factors for carcinoma of stomach?

4,700

internal medicine

Apr 24, 2026, 01:56 PM

👨‍⚕Q. What are the sites of carcinoma stomach?

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internal medicine

Apr 24, 2026, 01:56 PM

Eid Mubarak
عيد مبارك وكل عام وانتم بخير 💌

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internal medicine

Apr 24, 2026, 01:56 PM

👨‍⚕Q. What are the sites of carcinoma stomach?

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internal medicine

Apr 24, 2026, 01:56 PM

👨🏻‍⚕Q. What are the presentations of carcinoma of stomach?
🧑🏼‍⚕A. The presentations are as follows:
🟦 1. General Symptoms
👤 Any patient above 40 years presenting with “3 A”:
🩸 Anemia
🍽️ Anorexia
😫 Asthenia
🟦 2. Gastrointestinal Symptoms
🤢 Vomiting (if tumor is in the pyloric end)
🔥 Pain in the epigastrium
🥴 Dysphagia (if tumor is in the cardiac end)
🩸 Hematemesis and melena
🟦 3. Physical Findings
🔎 Mass in the epigastrium
🩸 Only unexplained features of anemia
🟦 4. Features of Metastasis
🫀 Hepatomegaly
🦠 Virchow’s gland
🔵 Hard nodule around the umbilicus (Sister Mary Joseph’s nodule)
🔹 Ovarian involvement (Krukenberg’s tumor)
📍 Pre-rectal pouch — a shelf-like mass (Blumer’s shelf)
🟦 5. Paraneoplastic Syndromes
🟤 Acanthosis nigricans
💪 Dermatomyositis
🩸 Thrombophlebitis migrans

👨🏻‍⚕Q. What are the types of carcinoma of stomach?
🧑🏼‍⚕A. The types are as follows:
🟦 1️⃣ Macroscopic Types (4 Types)
🔹 Polypoid
🔹 Ulcerative
🔹 Fungating / Cauliflower type 🌸
🔹 Diffuse infiltrative — Linitis plastica (rare)
🟦 2️⃣ Microscopic Types
1-🔬 Adenocarcinoma (95%) ⭐
The most common type
▪️ Intestinal type — Better prognosis ✅
▪️ Diffuse type — Bad prognosis ⚠️
2-🔬 Other types
▪️ Squamous cell carcinoma
▪️ Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
▪️ Leiomyosarcoma

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internal medicine

Apr 24, 2026, 01:56 PM

👨🏻‍⚕Q. What are the causes or predisposing factors for carcinoma of stomach?

3,760

internal medicine

Apr 1, 2026, 10:20 AM

👨🏻‍⚕Q. What other investigations do you suggest in this case?

2,270

internal medicine

Apr 1, 2026, 10:20 AM

👨🏻‍⚕Q. Why not this is chronic duodenal ulcer?

🧑🏼‍⚕A. There is no history of long standing duodenal ulcer, and also there is marked anorexia, rapid loss of weight and also there is a mass in the epigastric region.
👨🏻‍⚕Q. What else have you seen in association of the epigastric mass?

🧑🏼‍⚕A. Enlargement of left supraclavicular lymph node (Virchow’s gland), called Troisier’s sign.
👨🏻‍⚕Q. How to confirm your diagnosis
?
🧑🏼‍⚕A. Endoscopy of upper GIT with biopsy.

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internal medicine

Apr 1, 2026, 10:20 AM

👨🏻‍⚕Q. What other investigations do you suggest in this case?

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