Medical Notes "A&M"

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Updated: May 14, 2026 at 2:05 AM

Medical Notes "A&M"

A space for medical students ( textbooks , Notes , advices, medical videos and other medical stuffs ) . For contact and feedback: - t.me/MedicalnotesAandM?direct - @AbdulrahmanAnswersbot - @Abdw7 - @Mustafa_Alnuaimi

@MedicalnotesAandM offers specialized information about videos and space for subscribers interested in Medical

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Medical Notes "A&M"

May 25, 2026, 04:05 AM

📷 Photo

الجواب :

🔥 بالطبع لا يمكن إعطاء قيمة دقيقة لقياس الضغط الشرياني ، لكن توجد طريقة تفيد في تقدير قيمته في حالات الصدمة وهبوط الضغط ، ولا سيما في قسم الإسعاف.
⭕ في حال كان radial pulse is palpable تكون قيمة SBP أعلى من 80 mm/Hg .
⭕في حال كان Carotid pulse is palpable تمون قيمة SBP أعلى من 60 mm/Hg .
⭕ في حال كان نبض Femoral pulse is palpable مجسوس تكون قيمة أكثر من 70 mm/Hg .

🔥فمثلا عندما يكون radial pulse غير مجسوس ، و cartid pulse مجسوس يكون ال SBP بين 80 و 60
🔥 إذا أخبرك أحد الأطباء أنّ ضغط المريض الانقباضي 60 او 70 مثلا ، وكان النبض radial مجسوس فغالبا القياس خطأ.

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Medical Notes "A&M"

May 25, 2026, 04:05 AM

📍2 most common causes of postural hypotension are -
HYPOVOLEMIA and AUTONOMIC DYSFUNCTION.

Is there a way to tell which one is responsible?

✅ Yes, Check the HEART RATE along with BP in sitting and standing positions -
•> Minimal or no HR rise ! → Autonomic failure (e.g., Parkinson’s, DM neuropathy)
•> Big HR jump ! → Volume depletion.

2,240

Medical Notes "A&M"

May 25, 2026, 04:05 AM

📢📢
هيأة الإعلام والاتصالات تُعلن استئناف خدمة تطبيق تيليغرام في العراق

1,990

Medical Notes "A&M"

May 25, 2026, 04:05 AM

🚨 كورس الجراحة المكثف لطلاب المرحلة السادسة ( الوزاري ) ...

الكورس مخصص لفترة الوزاري ولمن يريد مراجعة ودراسة المادة في هذه الفترة الضيقة .

محتوى الكورس

💫تغطية شاملة لمواضيع (اليورو، الجراحة العامة، الماينرات، والكسور) وحسب الـ Blueprint.

💫الملفات (PDF) المرفقة ليست محاضرات تقليدية، بل مصممة بذكاء لتغطي ٣ جوانب أساسية:

➖الشرح الموجه للامتحان: شرح كامل وذكي ومركز للموضوع بدون التفاصيل غير المهمة ...

➖ الزبدة الامتحانية (لبّة الكورس): الخلاصة المركزة اللي تقرأها في الأيام الأخيرة وتعتبر المراجعة الأهم قبل الامتحان.

➖الكيسات الوزارية والمهمة: تجميع لكل الكيسات الوزارية وأهم كيسات المصادر الأساسية في الجراحة والامتحانات التجريبية ، كلها موجودة بنفس ملف الموضوع حتى ما تضطر تتنقل بين الملفات.

💫إضافة لذلك: سيكون هناك شرح لكل موضوع ( فيديو أو تسجيل ) خاص بكل موضوع. تفتح الملف وتدرس كل شيء بمكان واحد استغلالاً تاماً للوقت!

للتواصل بخصوص الاشتراك ..
https://t.me/WizariHelp

1,810

Medical Notes "A&M"

May 25, 2026, 04:05 AM

Low BP without evidence of tissue hypoperfusion is called : Hypotension

Low BP + evidence of tissue hypoperfusion is called: Shock

Features of Tissue hypoperfusion:

🔴 Disturbed conscious level

🔴 Cold clammy extremities

🔴 Oliguria

🔴 Metabolic acidosis

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Medical Notes "A&M"

May 25, 2026, 04:05 AM

📷 Photo

Diagnosis of metabolic syndrome

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Medical Notes "A&M"

May 25, 2026, 04:05 AM

MASSIVE splenomegaly ❕ ❓What are the causes of massive splenomegaly ? 1. Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) — most common haematological cause 2. Myelofibrosis 3. Kala-Azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis) 4. Malaria — especially chronic or relapsing forms 5- Gaucher’s…

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Medical Notes "A&M"

May 25, 2026, 04:05 AM

📷 Photo

👌🏻👌🏻👌🏻

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Medical Notes "A&M"

May 25, 2026, 04:05 AM

📍 Acute Neurological Deficit

Think Stroke first, Seizure second, Infection always rule out

If acute focal neurological deficit:

STEP 1: Is it sudden onset?
Maximal at onset
→ Think stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic)

STEP 2: Any seizure features?
Tongue bite, incontinence, post-ictal confusion
→ Think seizure with Todd’s paralysis

STEP 3: Signs of infection?
Fever, neck stiffness, altered consciousness
→ Think meningitis / encephalitis

STEP 4: Severe headache?
“Worst headache of life”
→ Think subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)

STEP 5: Gradual or fluctuating symptoms?
Progressive deficit, weight loss
→ Think brain tumor / abscess

STEP 6: Young patient or atypical features?
No vascular risk factors
→ Think:
Multiple sclerosis
Migraine with aura
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis

2,140

Medical Notes "A&M"

May 25, 2026, 04:05 AM

The key Blood test used to distinguish folate deficiency from vitamin B₁₂ deficiency is:

Methylmalonic acid (MMA) level
↑ MMA → suggests Vitamin B12 deficiency
Normal MMA → suggests Folate deficiency

Why this works:
Vitamin B₁₂ is required to convert methylmalonyl-CoA → succinyl-CoA
Without B₁₂ → MMA accumulates

Folate is not involved in this pathway → MMA stays normal

Also useful Test:
Homocysteine level
↑ in BOTH B₁₂ and folate deficiency (not helpful alone)

2,600

Medical Notes "A&M"

May 10, 2026, 03:14 PM

📍Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

1. Early tests may be falsely normal

Cardiac troponin rises after 3–6 hours of myocardial injury

Very early presentation → false-negative troponin possible

Always repeat troponin at 3–6 hours (± serial testing) if suspicion persists

2. ECG can be non-diagnostic

Initial ECG may be normal or show nonspecific changes

Up to ~50% of ACS cases lack diagnostic findings at presentation
Serial ECGs increase detection of ischemia

3. Clinical suspicion overrides initial tests

Typical ischemic chest pain (pressure, radiation, diaphoresis)
→ manage as ACS until ruled out
Diagnosis is clinical + dynamic changes, not a single test

4. Risk factors increase pre-test probability

Major: Diabetes, hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, age

High-risk patients may have atypical or silent presentations

Diabetics → often silent ischemia

5. Observation and reassessment are critical

If ACS suspected:
→ Admit / observe
→ Repeat troponin + ECG
Safe rule-out requires serial biomarkers + clinical stability

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Medical Notes "A&M"

May 10, 2026, 03:14 PM

شرح المحاضرة على اليوتيوب

https://youtu.be/RCYGr3m85mQ?si=vdSBvVtCT0PtYYU5

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Medical Notes "A&M"

May 10, 2026, 03:14 PM

Non-caseating granulomas + BHL + ↑ACE + hypercalcemia + multisystem involvement → strongly suggest sarcoidosis (after excluding TB & lymphoma)

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Medical Notes "A&M"

May 10, 2026, 03:14 PM

✅High MCV + Normal RDW→ Liver disease, Alcoholism, Hypothyroidism. ✅High MCV + High RDW→ Think of nutritional deficiency at first: 💥Most common causes: 👉🏽Vitamin B12 deficiency Anemia. 👉🏽Folate deficiency Anemia. 💥Other possible (less common)…

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Medical Notes "A&M"

May 10, 2026, 03:14 PM

📎 File

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Medical Notes "A&M"

May 10, 2026, 03:14 PM

𝗖𝗼𝗺𝗺𝘂𝗻𝗶𝘁𝘆-𝗔𝗰𝗾𝘂𝗶𝗿𝗲𝗱 𝗣𝗻𝗲𝘂𝗺𝗼𝗻𝗶𝗮 (CAP)
• CURB-65 predicts 30-day mortality
• Most important variables: RR + BP + confusion
• Age alone increases score significantly
• Early antibiotics = key survival factor

𝗧𝗥𝗘𝗔𝗧𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗦𝗧𝗥𝗔𝗧𝗘𝗚𝗬 (BASED ON SEVERITY)

Mild CAP (Outpatient)
• Amoxicillin OR
• Macrolide (if atypical suspected)

Moderate CAP (Ward)
• IV ceftriaxone ± macrolide
• Oxygen therapy if hypoxic

Severe CAP (ICU)
• IV β-lactam (ceftriaxone / piperacillin-tazobactam)
• macrolide OR fluoroquinolone
• Ventilatory support if ARDS

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Medical Notes "A&M"

May 10, 2026, 03:14 PM

Oxygen Delivery Methods

Nasal Cannula = 𝗠𝗶𝗹𝗱 𝗵𝘆𝗽𝗼𝘅𝗶𝗮
➤ 1–5 L/min
➤ Comfortable, first-line

Simple Face Mask = 𝗠𝗼𝗱𝗲𝗿𝗮𝘁𝗲
➤ 5–10 L/min
➤ Quick oxygen boost

Non-Rebreather Mask = 𝗦𝗲𝘃𝗲𝗿𝗲
➤ Up to ~90–100% O₂
➤ Emergency use

Venturi Mask = 𝗣𝗿𝗲𝗰𝗶𝘀𝗲 𝗰𝗼𝗻𝘁𝗿𝗼𝗹
➤ Ideal in COPD
➤ Fixed FiO₂ delivery

When to Escalate
Persistent hypoxia despite oxygen
Severe respiratory distress
Rising CO₂ (hypercapnia)
➤ Consider NIV (BiPAP/CPAP)
➤ Mechanical ventilation if failing

DO NOT OVERUSE OXYGEN
Post-MI / Stroke (if not hypoxic)
Stable patients with normal SpO₂
COPD → risk of CO₂ retention

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Medical Notes "A&M"

May 10, 2026, 03:14 PM

[poll]
بما ان التلي محظور https://mtpro.xyz اسرع طريقة لفك الحظر

2,810

Medical Notes "A&M"

May 10, 2026, 03:14 PM

📷 Photo

Abdominal pain + normal imaging + neurologic features = Think AIP (Acute intermittent porphyria)

N. B.
Administration of glucose will improve the patient status markedly even if the patient is euglycemic

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Medical Notes "A&M"

May 10, 2026, 03:14 PM

📷 Photo

بما ان التلي محظور

https://mtpro.xyz/

اسرع طريقة لفك الحظر

2,600

Medical Notes "A&M"

Apr 28, 2026, 02:02 AM

“Non-pitting = Protein or Fibrosis”
(Lymph, Myx, Fat, Fibrosis)

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Medical Notes "A&M"

Apr 28, 2026, 02:02 AM

✅High MCV + Normal RDW→ Liver disease, Alcoholism, Hypothyroidism.

✅High MCV + High RDW→ Think of nutritional deficiency at first:

💥Most common causes:
👉🏽Vitamin B12 deficiency Anemia.
👉🏽Folate deficiency Anemia.

💥Other possible (less common) causes:
👉🏽Early Mixed Anemia (e.g. iron deficiency + B12 deficiency).
👉🏽Myelodysplastic syndrome
👉🏽Recent blood transfusion/Reticulocytosis.
👉🏽Some drug-induced Macrocytosis.

2,070

Medical Notes "A&M"

Apr 28, 2026, 02:02 AM

📷 Photo

📌هذا يبين اهمية الهستري والتفصيل فيه في ال Chest pain

كل ما يروح يمين يقل احتمالية ال Ischemia

2,480

Medical Notes "A&M"

Apr 28, 2026, 02:02 AM

🔗Cushing’s syndrome → psychiatric first, physical later

👉Depression, anxiety, irritability come early
👉Moon face comes late

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Medical Notes "A&M"

Apr 28, 2026, 02:02 AM

📌Minimal Change Disease (MCD)
Reversible podocyte dysfunction → steroid responsive

• Selective proteinuria
• Mainly albumin
• NO inflammation, NO scarring

📌Primary FSGS
Podocyte loss → scarring → steroid resistance
Unlike MCD → podocyte loss (not just dysfunction)

• Non-selective proteinuria
• Albumin + globulins
• Progressive CKD

2,420

Medical Notes "A&M"

Apr 28, 2026, 02:02 AM

🧠 Migraine headache is UNILATERAL, but not loyal.

👉 It switches sides.

🚨 A strictly unilateral (side-locked) headache is NOT typical migraine → reconsider your diagnosis (rule out a structural lesion).

2,400

Medical Notes "A&M"

Apr 13, 2026, 01:13 PM

رابط قناة المرحلة السادسة :
https://t.me/Wizaribyabdulrahman

2,180

Medical Notes "A&M"

Apr 13, 2026, 01:13 PM

عطلة رسمية

مجلس الوزراء يقرر تعطيل الدوام الرسمي بمناسبة عيد الفطر المبارك ابتداءً من يوم غد الاربعاء إلى غاية الإثنين المقبل.

2,240

Medical Notes "A&M"

Apr 13, 2026, 01:13 PM

📷 Photo

الجدول الخاص بإمتحانات المرحلة السادسة ( الوزاري ) رسميا .

1,690

Medical Notes "A&M"

Apr 13, 2026, 01:13 PM

[poll]

1,730

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