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### 1. Hematuria + Dysuria + Frequency/Urgency
- Diagnosis: Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Cystitis
- Key Features: Burning sensation during urination, suprapubic pain, fever may be present.
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### 2. Hematuria + Flank Pain + Colicky Pain
- Diagnosis: Urolithiasis (Kidney Stones)
- Key Features: Severe radiating pain to the groin, nausea/vomiting, microscopic or gross hematuria.
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### 3. Hematuria + Recent Sore Throat or Skin Infection
- Diagnosis: Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (PSGN)
- Key Features: Cola-colored urine, edema, hypertension, proteinuria on urinalysis.
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### 4. Hematuria + Painless Gross Hematuria
- Diagnosis: Bladder Cancer
- Key Features: More common in smokers or those with occupational chemical exposure. Persistent without other urinary symptoms.
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### 5. Hematuria + Proteinuria + Edema
- Diagnosis: Nephrotic Syndrome or Glomerulonephritis (e.g., IgA nephropathy)
- Key Features: Swelling of face/limbs, frothy urine, dysmorphic RBCs or casts on urinalysis.
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### 6. Hematuria + Flank Pain + Palpable Mass
- Diagnosis: Renal Cell Carcinoma
- Key Features: May also have weight loss, fever, and paraneoplastic symptoms (e.g., hypercalcemia).
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### 7. Hematuria + Recent Vigorous Exercise
- Diagnosis: Exercise-Induced Hematuria
- Key Features: Transient microscopic hematuria after intense physical activity.
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### 8. Hematuria + Fever + Costovertebral Angle Tenderness
- Diagnosis: Pyelonephritis
- Key Features: Systemic symptoms like chills, leukocytosis, and bacteriuria.
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### 9. Hematuria + Menstruation History
- Diagnosis: Endometriosis of the Urinary Tract
- Key Features: Hematuria correlates with menstrual cycles, often misdiagnosed initially.
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### 10. Hematuria + Trauma History
- Diagnosis: Renal or Bladder Trauma
- Key Features: Gross hematuria after blunt or penetrating abdominal injury.
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### 11. Hematuria + Family History of Kidney Disease
- Diagnosis: Hereditary Nephritis (Alport Syndrome) or Polycystic Kidney Disease
- Key Features: Sensorineural hearing loss (in Alport), flank pain (in PKD), progressive renal failure.
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### 12. Hematuria + Medications (e.g., NSAIDs, Anticoagulants)
- Diagnosis: Drug-Induced Hematuria or Anticoagulant-Related Bleeding
- Key Features: Correlation with recent drug use or overdose, absence of infection or trauma.
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### 13. Hematuria + Bilateral Lower Limb Swelling + Shortness of Breath
- Diagnosis: Cardiorenal Syndrome
- Key Features: Chronic heart failure symptoms with secondary kidney dysfunction causing hematuria.
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### 14. Hematuria + Suprapubic Pain + Nocturia
- Diagnosis: Interstitial Cystitis
- Key Features: Chronic bladder pain relieved by voiding, negative urine cultures.
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### 15. Hematuria + Weight Loss + Night Sweats
- Diagnosis: Tuberculosis (Renal TB) or Genitourinary Cancer
- Key Features: Sterile pyuria, systemic symptoms, and persistent hematuria.
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