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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
May 24, 2026, 08:57 PM
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Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Dislocations - #Trauma#Trauma
A proximal interphalangeal joint dislocation occurs when the middle joint of a finger is forced out of its normal anatomical alignment. This joint lies between the proximal phalanx and the middle phalanx and plays a crucial role in grip and fine motor function.
PIP dislocations are among the most common finger injuries, particularly in ball-handling sports such as basketball, volleyball, and handball.
Read More: https://orthofixar.com/trauma/proximal-interphalangeal-joint-dislocations/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
May 24, 2026, 08:57 PM
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Osteogenesis Imperfecta: Types, Symptoms, Tests & Treatment - #Orthopedic Pediatric#OrthopedicPediatric
Osteogenesis Imperfecta, commonly called brittle bone disease, is a rare inherited connective tissue disorder characterized by fragile bones that fracture easily. The condition primarily results from abnormalities in type I collagen production or structure, leading to weakened bones and connective tissues.
The severity of osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) varies widely. Some individuals experience only a few fractures during their lifetime, while others may suffer hundreds of fractures, skeletal deformities, respiratory complications, hearing loss, and mobility impairment.
Read More: https://orthofixar.com/pediatric/osteogenesis-imperfecta-oi-types-treatments/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
May 24, 2026, 08:57 PM
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Semmes Weinstein Monofilament Test - #WristHandExamination
In Semmes Weinstein Monofilament Test, the palm of the hand is divided into several areas, and only one point (usually in the center) is tested in each area:
Between the fingertip and DIP joint.
Between the DIP joint and PIP joint.
Between the PIP joint and finger web.
Between the finger web and the distal anterior (palmar) crease.
Between the distal anterior (palmar) crease and the central palm.
Base of palm and wrist.
Superficial radial nerve distribution.
Read More: https://orthofixar.com/special-test/semmes-weinstein-monofilament-test/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
May 24, 2026, 08:57 PM
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The Benefits of Outsourcing Billing and Revenue Cycle Management -
In today's rapidly changing healthcare landscape, managing the complex financial operations of a practice can feel like a daunting task. One area that often stands out is revenue cycle management (RCM)—the backbone of any healthcare practice's financial health. Many healthcare providers face challenges when trying to handle RCM in-house, including billing errors, delayed reimbursements, and high operational costs. That's where outsourcing medical Billing and Revenue Cycle Management comes in. By outsourcing, practices can improve efficiency, reduce overhead, and focus more on what truly matters: patient care.
Read More: https://orthofixar.com/for-patient/billing-and-revenue-cycle-management/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
May 24, 2026, 08:57 PM
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Shoulder Abduction Test (Bakody Sign) - #SpineExamination
Shoulder Abduction Test (or as it called Bakody Test) is used in case of suspicion of C4 or C5 nerve root irritation.
Read More: https://orthofixar.com/special-test/shoulder-abduction-test-bakody-test/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
May 24, 2026, 08:57 PM
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Sinding-Larsen-Johansson Syndrome: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment - #Orthopedic Pediatric#OrthopedicPediatric
Sinding-Larsen-Johansson syndrome (SLJS) is a common overuse knee condition affecting active children and adolescents during growth spurts. It causes pain at the lower part of the kneecap where the patellar tendon attaches. Although the condition is self-limiting and usually resolves with skeletal maturity, early recognition and appropriate management are important to prevent prolonged symptoms and activity limitations.
This article reviews the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation, prognosis, and prevention of SLJS using evidence-based medical literature and trusted educational resources.
Read More: https://orthofixar.com/pediatric/sinding-larsen-johansson-syndrome/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
May 10, 2026, 11:09 AM
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Scapulohumeral Rhythm Overview - #ShoulderExamination
Scapulohumeral rhythm refers to the coordinated movement between the scapula and humerus during shoulder abduction. Scapulohumeral rhythm ratio is 2:1, meaning that for every 2 degrees of humeral movement, the scapula moves 1 degree.
This interaction between the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint and the scapulothoracic joint is critical for full and effective shoulder elevation. Understanding this rhythm is essential for assessing shoulder function, especially in the diagnosis and treatment of shoulder pathologies. In clinical practice, observation of scapulohumeral rhythm helps in evaluating muscular imbalances, joint instability, and range of motion limitations.
During full shoulder abduction (0°–180°), there is a roughly 2:1 ratio between the movement of the humerus and the scapula. Specifically, 120° of movement occurs at the glenohumeral joint (GHJ), and 60° at the scapulothoracic joint (STJ). However, variations exist depending on individual anatom...
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
May 10, 2026, 11:09 AM
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Popliteal Fossa - #Anatomy#Anatomy
The popliteal fossa is a mostly fat-filled compartment of the lower limb, it is evident as a diamond-shaped depression posterior to the knee joint.
Read More: https://orthofixar.com/anatomy/popliteal-fossa-anatomy/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
May 10, 2026, 11:09 AM
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Foot Dorsal Interossei & Palmar Interossei Muscles Anatomy - #Anatomy#Anatomy
Foot Dorsal interossei Muscles is a group of four muscles that lies in the space between the metatarsal bones of the foot, they act to abduct the toes. While plantar interossei muscles is a group of three muscles that act to abduct the toes. They both work at the MTP joint to abduct or adduct the toes. Foot Dorsal Interossei Muscles Anatomy Origin Two heads from the proximal half of the of the sides of adjacent metatarsal bones Insertion The two heads of each muscle form a central tendon that insert on the bases of the second, third, and fourth […]
Read More: https://orthofixar.com/anatomy/foot-dorsal-interossei-muscles-anatomy/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
May 10, 2026, 11:09 AM
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Achilles Tendon Rupture: Diagnosis, Treatment, & Rehabilitation - #Orthopedic Foot Surgery #Orthopedic Sports Medicine#OrthopedicFootSurgery #OrthopedicSportsMedicine
An Achilles tendon rupture is a partial or complete tear of the Achilles tendon, the strongest and largest tendon in the human body. The injury commonly occurs during sudden acceleration, jumping, pivoting, or forceful dorsiflexion of the ankle.
This injury is highly relevant in sports medicine and orthopedic trauma because delayed or missed diagnosis can significantly impair long-term calf strength, gait mechanics, and athletic performance.
Read More: https://orthofixar.com/sports-medicine/achilles-tendon-rupture-diagnosis-treatment-rehabilitation/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
May 10, 2026, 11:09 AM
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Deltoid Muscle Anatomy: Origin, Insertion, Innervation & Function - #Anatomy#Anatomy
The deltoid muscle is a large triangular-shaped muscle located in the proximal upper extremity. It forms the rounded contour of the human shoulder. The borders of the deltoid are visible when the arm is abducted against resistance. The distal attachment of the deltoid can be palpated on the lateral surface of the humerus. Its name come from its shape, where it looks like the inverted Greek letter delta (Δ).
The deltoid muscle is one of the six scapulohumeral muscles (deltoid, teres major, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, and teres minor). These muscles are relatively short muscles that pass from the scapula to the humerus and act on the glenohumeral joint.
Read More: https://orthofixar.com/anatomy/deltoid-muscle-anatomy/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
Apr 27, 2026, 10:56 PM
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Mallet Finger: Causes, Symptoms & Treatment - #Trauma#Trauma
Mallet finger is a common hand injury characterized by the inability to actively extend the distal interphalangeal (DIP) joint, resulting in a flexed fingertip deformity. It occurs due to disruption of the terminal extensor tendon at its insertion on the distal phalanx, either from tendon rupture or bony avulsion.
Read More: https://orthofixar.com/trauma/mallet-finger-causes-symptoms-treatment/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
Apr 27, 2026, 10:56 PM
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Bankart Lesion - #Orthopedic Sports Medicine#OrthopedicSportsMedicine
Bankart Lesions are seen in anterior shoulder instability, it's either a detachment of the anteroinferior capsulolabral glenoid complex or a bony Bankart
Read More: https://orthofixar.com/sports-medicine/bankart-lesion/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
Apr 27, 2026, 10:56 PM
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Osgood Schlatter Disease - #Orthopedic Pediatric#OrthopedicPediatric
Osgood Schlatter disease (OSD) is an osteochondrosis, or fatigue failure, of the tibial tubercle apophysis characterized by pain over the tibial tubercle.
Read More: https://orthofixar.com/pediatric/osgood-schlatter-disease/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
Apr 27, 2026, 10:56 PM
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Resisted Supination External Rotation Test (RSERT) - #ShoulderExamination
The Resisted Supination External Rotation Test (RSERT) stands as a crucial diagnostic tool in orthopedic examination, specifically designed to evaluate Superior Labrum Anterior and Posterior (SLAP) lesions. This examination technique has gained significant recognition for its ability to recreate the peel-back mechanism associated with superior labrum pathology.
Read More: https://orthofixar.com/special-test/resisted-supination-external-rotation-test/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
Apr 27, 2026, 10:56 PM
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Rolando Fracture Overview - #Trauma#Trauma
A Rolando fracture is a comminuted intra-articular fracture at the base of the first metacarpal (thumb). It typically presents with a “Y-shaped” or “T-shaped” fracture pattern, involving multiple fragments and extending into the carpometacarpal (CMC) joint.
This injury was first described in 1910 by the Italian surgeon Silvio Rolando and is considered a more severe variant of thumb base fractures compared to Bennett fractures.
Read More: https://orthofixar.com/trauma/rolando-fracture/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
Apr 13, 2026, 09:31 AM
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Posterior Shoulder Dislocations - #Orthopedic Sports Medicine #Trauma#OrthopedicSportsMedicine #Trauma
Posterior Glenohumeral Dislocation is an uncommon but clinically important shoulder injury. Despite its rarity, it carries a high risk of missed diagnosis, particularly in acute care settings. This condition demands a high index of suspicion and careful radiographic evaluation to avoid missed diagnosis and long-term morbidity.
Read More: https://orthofixar.com/sports-medicine/posterior-shoulder-dislocations/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
Apr 13, 2026, 09:31 AM
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Flexor Digitorum Longus - #Anatomy#Anatomy
Flexor Digitorum Longus is one of the deep group muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg. It's smaller than the flexor hallucis longus
https://orthofixar.com/anatomy/flexor-digitorum-longus-muscle/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
Apr 13, 2026, 09:31 AM
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Anterior Glenohumeral Dislocation - #Orthopedic Sports Medicine #Trauma#OrthopedicSportsMedicine #Trauma
Anterior glenohumeral dislocation is the most common type of shoulder dislocation, accounting for approximately 96% of all cases. It involves displacement of the humeral head from the glenoid cavity in an anterior direction, typically resulting from traumatic mechanisms or underlying joint instability.
This condition is frequently encountered in emergency and orthopedic settings and requires prompt recognition, reduction, and appropriate follow-up to minimize complications.
Read More: https://orthofixar.com/sports-medicine/anterior-glenohumeral-dislocation/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
Apr 13, 2026, 09:31 AM
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Rib Spring Test - #SpineExamination
The Rib Spring Test is a manual examination technique used to assess the mobility and integrity of the costovertebral and costotransverse joints. This test helps differentiate between rib dysfunction and vertebral dysfunction by comparing movements with and without vertebral stabilization.
Read More: https://orthofixar.com/special-test/rib-spring-test/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
Apr 13, 2026, 09:31 AM
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Caudal Epidural Injection - #HeadSpineProcedures
Position the patient lying face down with a small pillow for support.
Locate the sacral cornua, situated at the base of an imaginary triangle, using your thumb.
Introduce a needle between the cornua and pass it horizontally through the ligament.
Advance the needle a short distance along the canal, adjusting the angle to match the curve of the sacrum.
Ensure that the needle has not penetrated the thecal sac or a blood vessel by performing aspiration.
Slowly administer the solution into the epidural space.
If using a larger volume, place your flat hand on the sacrum to feel for any possible swelling caused by a suprasacral injection.
Read More: https://orthofixar.com/orthopedic-procedure/caudal-epidural-injection/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
Apr 13, 2026, 09:31 AM
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Hand Lumbrical Muscles - #Anatomy#Anatomy
The 1st lumbrical muscle originates from the radial side of the most radial tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus of the index finger, it passes posteriorly along the radial side of the index finger to insert on the extensor expansion near the metacarpophalangeal joint.
The 2nd lumbrical muscle originates from the radial side of the second most radial tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus (middle finger), it passes posteriorly along the radial side of the middle finger and inserts on the extensor expansion near the metacarpophalangeal joint.
The 3rd lumbrical muscle: one head originates on the radial side of the flexor digitorum profundus tendon of the ring finger, while the other head originates on the ulnar side of the tendon for the middle finger. The muscle passes posteriorly along the radial side of the ring finger to insert on its extensor expansion.
The 4th lumbrical muscle: one head originates on the radial side of the flexor digitorum profundus te...
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
Apr 13, 2026, 09:31 AM
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Rib Fractures - #Trauma#Trauma
Rib fractures are the most common thoracic injury encountered in trauma care. They range from simple, isolated fractures to complex patterns associated with life-threatening complications. Effective management requires a clear understanding of anatomy, injury mechanisms, associated risks, and evidence-based treatment strategies.
Read More: https://orthofixar.com/trauma/rib-fractures/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
Apr 10, 2026, 07:50 AM
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Brown-Séquard Syndrome - #Neurological Disorders #Spine#NeurologicalDisorders #Spine
Brown-Séquard syndrome (BSS) is a rare but classic incomplete spinal cord injury caused by hemisection (damage to one side) of the spinal cord. It produces a distinctive neurological pattern that is highly testable and clinically important.
Despite its textbook clarity, pure Brown-Séquard syndrome is uncommon—most real cases present with mixed or incomplete features.
https://orthofixar.com/neurological-disorders/brown-sequard-syndrome/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
Apr 10, 2026, 07:50 AM
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Conus Medullaris Syndrome - Clinical Overview - #Neurological Disorders #Spine#NeurologicalDisorders #Spine
Conus medullaris syndrome (CMS) is a neurological condition resulting from injury to the terminal portion of the spinal cord known as the conus medullaris, typically located at the L1–L2 vertebral level in adults. It is a neurosurgical emergency that requires prompt recognition and management to prevent permanent neurological deficits.
Read More: https://orthofixar.com/neurological-disorders/conus-medullaris-syndrome/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
Apr 10, 2026, 07:50 AM
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Biceps Reflex Test - #NeurologicalExamination
The patient is position in sitting looking away from the tested side, while the examiner stands to the side of the patient, cradling the forearm with the thumb placed over the tendon. With the arm relaxed and the forearm slightly pronated and midway between flexion and extension, the examiner places the palmar surface of her extended thumb or finger on the patient’s biceps tendon and then strikes the extensor surface with the reflex hammer.
Read More: https://orthofixar.com/special-test/biceps-reflex-test/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
Apr 10, 2026, 07:50 AM
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TMJ Injection Technique - #HeadSpineProcedures
Temporomandibular joint injection (TMJ Injection) with steroid is used to treat acute or chronic capsulitis.
Read More: https://orthofixar.com/orthopedic-procedure/tmj-injection-technique/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
Apr 10, 2026, 07:50 AM
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Anterior Cord Syndrome - #Neurological Disorders #Spine#NeurologicalDisorders #Spine
Anterior Cord Syndrome (ACS)—also known as Anterior Spinal Artery Syndrome or ventral cord syndrome—is a form of incomplete spinal cord injury characterized by motor paralysis and selective sensory loss.
It results from damage to the anterior two-thirds of the spinal cord, most commonly due to ischemia of the anterior spinal artery. This syndrome is clinically important because it carries a poor prognosis for motor recovery compared to other incomplete cord injuries.
Read More: https://orthofixar.com/neurological-disorders/anterior-cord-syndrome/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
Apr 10, 2026, 07:50 AM
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Obliquus Capitis Inferior Muscle Anatomy - #Anatomy#Anatomy
The obliquus capitis inferior muscle represents a critical component of the deep suboccipital musculature, playing an essential role in cervical spine biomechanics and head movement coordination. This deep postural muscle deserves thorough clinical consideration due to its involvement in cervicogenic headaches, rotational dysfunction, and various craniocervical pathologies. Understanding its precise anatomical relationships provides foundational knowledge for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment planning.
https://orthofixar.com/anatomy/obliquus-capitis-inferior-muscle-anatomy/
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Orthopedic Surgery Learning
Apr 10, 2026, 07:50 AM
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Levatores Costarum Muscles Anatomy - #Anatomy#Anatomy
The levatores costarum muscles (L. levator, a lifter) are 12 fan-shaped muscles that elevate the ribs, but their role, if any, in normal inspiration is uncertain. They may play a role in vertebral movement and/or proprioception.
The Levatores Costarum muscles represent a clinically significant yet often overlooked group in thoracic anatomy. These twelve paired muscles play crucial roles in respiratory mechanics and vertebral stability, deserving detailed examination by clinicians involved in thoracic, pulmonary, and musculoskeletal medicine.
https://orthofixar.com/anatomy/levatores-costarum-muscles-anatomy/
