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BrainGain Academy

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BrainGain Academy

Apr 26, 2026, 04:27 PM

🌿gerunds and infinitives in English:

1, She enjoys ___ to music in her free time.
A) listen
B) listening
C) to listen
D) listened

2, I forgot ___ the door before leaving the house.
A) lock
B) locking
C) to lock
D) locked

3, They decided ___ the meeting until next week.
A) postpone
B) postponing
C) to postpone
D) postponed

4, He admitted ___ the mistake during the project.
A) make
B) making
C) to make
D) made

5, We hope ___ the exam with good grades.
A) pass
B) passing
C) to pass
D) passed

6, Smoking ___ harmful to your health.
A) is
B) to be
C) being
D) be

7, She can’t stand ___ in long lines at the store.
A) wait
B) waiting
C) to wait
D) waited

8, The teacher asked us ___ the homework by tomorrow.
A) finish
B) finishing
C) to finish
D) finished

9, I don’t mind ___ late if it helps the team.
A) work
B) working
C) to work
D) worked

10, He promised ___ me with my assignment.
A) help
B) helping
C) to help
D) helped
Answers
1 B

2 C

3 C

4 B

5 C

6 A

7 B

8 C

9 B

10 C
Idea for grade 12 students

231

BrainGain Academy

Apr 26, 2026, 04:27 PM

1. What is an enzyme?

•  A type of carbohydrate
•  A protein that catalyzes biochemical reactions
•  A lipid that stores energy
•  A nucleic acid that carries genetic information

2. Which of the following is a general property of enzymes? They:

•  are consumed in reactions.
•  lower the activation energy of reactions.
•  can function at only one temperature.
•  are always active.

3. What is the primary function of enzymes? To:

•  provide structural support
•  store genetic information
•  catalyze biochemical reactions
•  transport substances across membranes

4. Enzymes are specific to their substrates because of:

•  size
•  color
•  charge
•  shape

5. Which level of protein structure involves the sequence of amino acids?

•  Primary structure
•  Secondary structure
•  Tertiary structure
•  Quaternary structure

6. The folding of a polypeptide into a three-dimensional shape is referred to as:

•  Primary structure
•  Secondary structure
•  Tertiary structure
•  Quaternary structure

7. Which model describes the interaction between an enzyme and its substrate as a lock and key?

•  Induced fit model
•  Lock and key model
•  Transition state model
•  Allosteric model

8. The induced fit model suggests that:

•  The enzyme's active site is rigid.
•  Enzymes do not interact with substrates.
•  The enzyme changes shape to fit the substrate.
•  Substrates can bind without any structural change.

9. In enzyme-substrate binding, what is formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate?

•  Product
•  Inhibitor
•  Coenzyme
•  Enzyme-substrate complex

10. What happens to the enzyme after the reaction is complete?

•  It is permanently altered.
•  It becomes inactive.
•  It must be destroyed.
•  It remains unchanged and can be reused.

Answers


1. A protein that catalyzes biochemical reactions
2. lower the activation energy of reactions.
3. catalyze biochemical reactions
4. shape
5. Primary structure
6. Tertiary structure
7. Lock and key model
8. The enzyme changes shape to fit the substrate.
9. Enzyme-substrate complex
10. It remains unchanged and can be reused.
Idea for grade 12 students

Grade 12 students, the matric exam is just around the corner

BrainGain Academy

Apr 26, 2026, 04:27 PM

These explanations can you
▎1. Next number in the sequence: 2, 4, 8, 16, ...

Answer: c) 32
Explanation: Each number in the sequence is multiplied by 2. (2 x 2 = 4, 4 x 2 = 8, 8 x 2 = 16, and so on). So, 16 x 2 = 32.

▎2. Complete the analogy: Finger is to Hand as Toe is to...?

Answer: a) Foot
Explanation: A finger is part of a hand just as a toe is part of a foot.

▎3. Next letter in the sequence: A, C, E, G, ...

Answer: a) I
Explanation: The letters are skipping one letter each time (A, skip B, C; C, skip D, E; and so on). After G, the next letter is I.

▎4. Next number in the series: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, ...

Answer: d) 13
Explanation: This is the Fibonacci sequence where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones (1+1=2, 1+2=3, 2+3=5, etc.). So, 5 + 8 = 13.

▎5. Odd one out: Circle, Square, Triangle, Rectangle, Sphere

Answer: d) Sphere
Explanation: All other shapes are two-dimensional (flat), while a sphere is three-dimensional.

▎6. Missing number in the series: 5, 10, 20, ?, 80.

Answer: b) 40
Explanation: Each number is multiplied by 2 (5 x 2 = 10; 10 x 2 = 20; and so on). Thus, 20 x 2 = 40.

▎7. Odd one out: Apple, Banana, Carrot, Grape

Answer: c) Carrot
Explanation: Apple, Banana, and Grape are fruits while Carrot is a vegetable.

▎8. What comes next in this pattern: O, T, T, F, F, S, S, ...?

Answer: a) E
Explanation: These letters represent the first letters of the numbers One, Two, Three, Four, Five, Six. The next number is Seven which starts with E.

▎9. Which pair is not an analogy?

Answer: d) Fish : School
Explanation: A school refers to a group of fish but does not represent a singular relationship like the other pairs (Cat : Kitten refers to an animal and its young).

▎10. Next number in the sequence: 2, 6, 12, 20, ...

Answer: b) 28
Explanation: The differences between consecutive terms are increasing by an increment of two: (6-2=4), (12-6=6), (20-12=8). The next difference should be 10 (20 + 10 = 30).

▎11. Next term in the series: 3, 6, 11, 18,...

Answer: a) 25
Explanation: The differences between terms are increasing by odd numbers: (6-3=3), (11-6=5), (18-11=7). The next difference should be 9 (18 + 7 = 25).

▎12. Odd one out: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 20

Answer: d) 20
Explanation: All other numbers are multiples of three while 20 is not.

▎13. Complete the analogy: Book is to Read as Knife is to...?

Answer: a) Cut
Explanation: Just as a book is used to read, a knife is used to cut.

▎14. Next letter in the sequence: D, F, H, J,...

Answer: a) K
Explanation: The letters are skipping one letter each time (D skip E F; F skip G H; and so on). After J comes K.

▎15. Next number in the pattern: 1, 4, 9, 16,...

Answer: b) 25
Explanation: These numbers are perfect squares (1²=1; 2²=4; 3²=9; and so on). The next perfect square is 5² = 25.

---

BrainGain Academy

Apr 26, 2026, 04:27 PM

Volcano that has erupted or through to have erupted during the last recent year

A. Dead
B. Extinct
C. Active
D. Dormant

466

BrainGain Academy

Apr 26, 2026, 04:27 PM

📌 2009 EUEE  related with tense.

1) None of the furniture we   bought last week___  yet.
A) has arrived
B) arrived
C) have arrived
D) will have arrived

2) Classes begin only after you-------- registration.
A) Completed
B) Complete
C) Will complete
D) Had complete

3)Next week this time, I------------all my examinations.
A) am finishing
B) have finished
C) will finish
D) will have finished.

4) I am sure you___ a good time staying here with me this coming summer.
A) will have
B) should have
C) have
D) will be having

5) Did you know that Mary and Bedlu___ married next week?
A) are going to get
B) will be getting
C) will get
D) get

6) I am not good at Mathematics, but I __ any problem with my English.

A) had never have
B) have never had
C) never have
D) had never had

7) I was very sad to hear that your mother _.
A) has died
B) had died
C) dies
D) would die

8) I have now been admitted to the university of Mello and I am expected to be there in August. The semester__ half way there by the time the academic year begins here.
A) will be
B) would be
C) will have been
D) would have been


Idea for grade 12 students

1,360

BrainGain Academy

Apr 26, 2026, 04:27 PM

Metabolic Processes

Definition:
Metabolic processes are the chemical reactions that occur within a living organism to maintain life. These processes enable organisms to grow, reproduce, repair damage, and respond to their environment.

---

Types of Metabolic Processes:

1. Anabolism (Building Up)
- Definition: The synthesis of complex molecules from simpler ones, requiring energy (endothermic).
- Examples:
- Protein synthesis from amino acids.
- DNA replication.
- Photosynthesis (in plants).
- Purpose: Supports growth, repair, and storage of energy.

2. Catabolism (Breaking Down)
- Definition: The breakdown of complex molecules into simpler ones, releasing energy (exothermic).
- Examples:
- Cellular respiration (glucose breakdown to produce ATP).
- Digestion of food into nutrients.
- Fat breakdown into fatty acids and glycerol.
- Purpose: Provides energy for bodily functions and building blocks for anabolism.

---

Key Components of Metabolism:

1. Enzymes:
- Proteins that act as biological catalysts to speed up metabolic reactions.
- Highly specific to their substrate (e.g., amylase breaks down starch).

2. Energy Molecule (ATP):
- Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is the primary energy currency of cells.
- Energy is released when ATP is broken into ADP (adenosine diphosphate) and a phosphate group.

3. Metabolic Pathways:
- Linear Pathways: Sequence of reactions leading to a final product (e.g., glycolysis).
- Cyclic Pathways: Reactions regenerate starting materials (e.g., Krebs cycle).

---
Examples of Metabolic Processes:

1. Photosynthesis (Anabolic):
- Occurs in plants.
- Converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using sunlight.
- Equation:

6CO2 + 6H2O + => C6H12O6 + 6O2

2. Cellular Respiration (Catabolic):
- Occurs in all living organisms.
- Breaks down glucose into water, carbon dioxide, and ATP.
- Equation:

C6H12O6 + 6O2 => 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP


3. Protein Synthesis (Anabolic):
- Ribosomes use mRNA to assemble amino acids into proteins.

4. Lipid Breakdown (Catabolic):
- Lipids are broken into fatty acids and glycerol, which can be used for energy production.

---

Regulation of Metabolic Processes:

1. Hormones:
- Insulin: Promotes glucose storage and uptake.
- Glucagon: Stimulates glucose release into the blood.
- Thyroxine: Regulates the overall metabolic rate.

2. Feedback Mechanisms:
- Negative Feedback: Maintains balance (e.g., ATP production halts when energy is sufficient).

---

Importance of Metabolic Processes:
- Provides energy for cellular activities.
- Supplies raw materials for growth and repair.
- Regulates body temperature and homeostasis.

BrainGain Academy

Apr 26, 2026, 04:27 PM

The point where a river starts is

A. Mouth
B. Source
C. Confluence
D. Estuary

461

BrainGain Academy

Apr 26, 2026, 04:27 PM

1 point
A. When the sun is overhead at the equator, pressure belts move northward by small degrees.
B. When the sun is overhead north of the equator, pressure belts shift southward.
C. When the sun is overhead at the Tropic of Capricorn, pressure belts shift southward.
D. When the sun is overhead at the Tropic of Cancer, pressure belts shift southward.
36. One of the following describes the tropical zone of the earth. Which one is it?
1 point
A. It is mostly covered by semi-desert and desert vegetation.
B. It is found between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.
C. It is dominated by manufacturing economic activity.
D. It is characterized by low temperature year round.
37. Which of the following best explains the Tundra region?
1 point
A. It is mostly located in the southern hemisphere.
B. It has the highest daily range of temperature.
C. It is inhabited by people whose life style is advanced.
D. It receives a long daily duration of sunlight in summer.
38.  What change is mainly brought due to development of transport and communication technologies?
1 point
A. Production of perishable products near urban centres.
B. Distance and time have got great impact on the production.
C. Working for companies without physically being there.
D. Location of industries near resources and energy supplies.
39. Which structure of the atmosphere is known by containing the lowest percentage of atmosphere mass?
1 point
A. Troposphere
B. Thermosphere
C. Stratosphere
D. Mesosphere
40. What is the common features of planetary winds?
1 point
A. They affect small areas for a short period of time.
B. They change their directions on a daily basis.
C. They are common along the coastal areas.
D. They cover a wide areas of the earth.
Submit

BrainGain Academy

Apr 26, 2026, 04:27 PM

B. A sudden and unexpected disruption to resource supply caused by unforeseen events.
C. A decline in a resource demand leading to reduced production and market availiabilty.
D. A situation where resource abundance is constrained by social,economic or political factors,limiting acess for certain groups.
12. Which of the following best exemplifies poor governance of renewable natural resources?
1 point
A. The implementation of stringent environmental regulations and robust enforcement mechanisms.
B. The overexploitation of fisheries due to lackof effective quotas and monitoring systems.
C. The eqitable distribution of environmental benefit across all sectorsof society.
D. The active participation of local communities in resource management decision making processes.
13. Which of the following is defining characteristics of a transboundary natural resource?
1 point
A. Exclusive ownership and management by a single country.
B. Limited impact on neighboring countries or regions.
C. A resorce that extends beyond the political boundaries of a single country.
D. A resorce entirely contained within the territorial limits of a single nation.
14. Which one of the following is not the cause of conflict over transboundary renewable natural resources?
1 point
A. Resource scarcity
B. Migration and resource accesses
C. Resource degradation
D. legal mineral extraction & trade
15.  Which of the following constitutes a fundamental principle of the  UN watercourse Convention?
1 point
A. Absolute territorial sovereignty over water resources within a nations boarders.
B. The exclusive rights of each riparian state to utilize water resources without limitations.
C. The obligation of states to cooperate in the utilization and protecton of shared watercourses.
D. Prioritization of the needs of the most powerfull rearian states.
16. Which of the following is NOT a key component of the Sustainable Livelihood Framework?
1 point
A. Human Capital
B. Technological Capital
C. Natural Capital
D. Financial Capital
17.  Which of the following is NOT a key principle of good governance in natural resource management?
1 point
A. Transparency and accountability in decision making process.
B. Participation and inclusivity of all relevant stakeholders.
C. Centralized decision making without public input.
D. Rule of law and enforcement of regulations.
18. Which of the following best characterizes a core principle of indigenous conflict resolution practices in Ethiopia?
1 point
A. Adherence to formal legal system and judicial procedures.
B. Emphasizes on individual rights above communal intersts.
C. Incorporation of traditional values and community based decision making.
D. Prioritization of punitive measures over restorative justice.
19. The Gadaa system of conflict resolution among the oromo people is most accurately described as:
1 point
A. A hierarchical court system with a centeralized judiciary.
B. A cyclic system of governance utilizing age graded assemblies.
C. A religious based system reliant on the authority of elders and religious leaders.
D. A system primarily focus on individual retribution for precived offenses.
20. Which one of the following is NOT true about renewable resources?
1 point
A. Some of the renewable resources are inexhaustible.
B. They are depleted if rate of use is lessthan the rate of regeneration.
C. They are replenished through reproduction and recycling.
D. Many renewable resources can be managed through proper use.
21.  Which one of the following is NOT included under land management mechanism?
1 point
A. Proper farming practices and Check-damming.
B. Adaptation of fuel- consuming technologies in vehicles.
C. Practicing indigenous culture, and local knowledge on awaking.
D. Afforestation and Reforestation.
22.  Which of the following is Not correct about land resources?

BrainGain Academy

Apr 26, 2026, 04:27 PM

1 point
A. The imprints of past and present activities of humans form parts of the attributes of the land.
B. Renewable resources easily replenish themselves under proper use.
C. Non-renewable resources diminish in size and quality with excessive use
D. Land resources like soil are human dirt that has no significant function in the ecosystem.
23. Which one of the following is the biological cause of soil degradation?
1 point
A. Crusting
B. Depth Reduction
C. Declining of soil organic matter
D. Salinazation
24. Water pollution poses a significant threat to human health and the environment .which of the following is a major consequence of water contamination?
1 point
A. Enhance biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems.
B. Improve water quality for human consumption.
C. Diminished risk ofwaterborn diseases.
D. Disruption of aquatic ecosystems and potential human health hazards
25. Which of the following is NOT considered a primary ecosystem service provided by forests?
1 point
A. Carbon sequestration
B. Biodiversity loss
C. Soil erosion control
D. Water regulation
26. Which of the following is the planting of trees along a line to break the speed of the blowing wind?
1 point
A. Mulching
B. Check dam
C. Shelter belts
D. Terracing
27. The nile basin intiative (NBI)is a cooperative framework aimed at
1 point
A. Exploiting the Nile River’swater for the sole benefit of Egypt.
B. Promoting equitable and sustainable utilization of the Nile River’s water resources among the repairian states.
C. Constructing large dams without considering the downstream impacts on others countries.
D. Prioritizing the water needs of upstream countries over downstream countries.
28.  Which one of the following is the underlying cause of land resource degradation?
1 point
A. Rapid population growth
B. Deforestation
C. Intensive use of land
D. Overstocking & overgrazing
29. Which one of the following Trans boundary river is NOT correctly paired with their final destination?
1 point
A. Danube - Black sea
B. Jordan - Dead sea
C. Amazon - Pacific ocean
D. Indus - Arabian sea
30.  Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of the “ coercion” conflict handling strategy?
1 point
A. Reliance on power and authority to achieve desired outcomes.
B. Focus on finding a mutually agreeable solution.
C. Potential for negative relationships and resentment.
D. Emphasis on asserting one’s own interests.
31. Which one of the following statement is NOT correct about land and its resources?
1 point
A. Land has been the main source of wealth and power for all communities since ancient times.
B. Proper planning and management of land are not required during land-use practices.
C. Shared watercourses could be both sources of conflict and prospects of collaboration.
D. Water shortages could never be the source of conflict between rural communities.
32. Which statement describes the process of faulting?
1 point
A. Faulting is a process which is mainly caused by human activities.
B. Normal faults develop under the predominant tensional forces.
C. Compressional crack results in the formation of normal faulting.
D. Reverse fault is normally associated with strong tensional forces.
33. How is convectional rainfall formed?
1 point
A. When warm and dry air descend a mountain.
B. When cold and warm air masses meet at the front.
C. When dry air forced to rise above a mountain.
D. When moist and less dense air is forced to rise upward.
34. What is the effect of Coriolis force on wind direction?
1 point
A. cyclones to move in clock wise direction in the southern hemisphere.
B. anti-cyclones to move clockwise direction in the southern hemisphere.
C. winds to turn to the right in the southern hemisphere.
D. winds to bend to the left in the northern hemisphere.
35.  Which one the following describes the distribution of pressure over the surface of the earth?

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